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Residential Technology and Fuel Switching Costs
Energy used in the residential sector provides a wide range of services, including heating, cooling, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and numerous other end uses. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) conducts a household buildings-sector survey—the Residential Energy Consumption Survey—that provides information on the equipment stock and energy consumption within existing buildings. However, this survey does not directly gather other information that we need to project future energy consumption, such as costs associated with switching equipment between different technologies and fuels. The Residential Demand Module of the National Energy Modeling System uses equipment cost and performance technology menus that represent competing options for most of the [...]
Home Energy Rebates Programs Implementation Resources
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has developed the following resources to help states, territories, and Tribes apply for and implement their Home Energy Rebates Programs.
Solar permitting scorecard
A majority of states have done little to adopt common-sense practices that reduce the costs and delays that permitting and inspection requirements impose on families wishing to install solar panels and batteries.
Momentum Q1 | 2026
From the ever-expanding energy demand of data centers and AI-driven campaigns to weaken appliance standards, to the growing list of repealed regulations intended to protect public health and the environment, 2026 looks different from the future many of us envisioned when we began working on building decarbonization.
Heat Pump Economics by State
How many times more efficient does a heat pump need to be — compared to a gas furnace — to save money on fuel costs? Explore the break-even COP by state, sector, and furnace efficiency.
2026 Enterprise Green Communities Criteria: 20th Anniversary Edition
Enterprise Green Communities sets the standard across the U.S. for green affordable homes. The 2026 edition centers three themes – energy, health, and resilience.
State-Level Heterogeneity in the Price Elasticity of Demand for Residential Electricity
This paper presents updated estimates of a standard measure of price responsiveness in the US residential electricity market—the price elasticity of demand for electricity (PEDE)—and explores how it varies across states.
Building Decarb. Legislation Tracker (Public)
In the 2025 legislative session, we tracked 130 bills and budget items promoting building decarbonization. This tracker is updated annually.
2025 Building Decarb Legislation Roundup
Welcome to BDC’s 4th annual building decarbonization legislative roundup.
Homegrown energy How household upgrades can meet 100 percent of data center demand growth
There is an overlooked solution that has the potential to provide sweeping benefits: investing in the household as energy infrastructure.
The End of Gas System Subsidies
This policy brief offers an overview of the current LEA landscape in the U.S. and recommendations for reforming outdated policies that promote the growth of gas consumption and emissions.
Clean Energy Tax Navigator
To ensure you have a direct path forward navigating these federal incentives, we’ve done the work, updating our free, public, interactive Clean Energy Tax Navigator with H.R. 1 changes.